Notably, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), collectively termed FLI medium, significantly improve mouse oocyte quality, as evidenced by enhanced blastocyst formation rates
Vitamin B12 plays a key role in converting food into energy, forming DNA, and producing nerves
In the future, high-quality research needs to be further carried out to clarify its clinical positioning and safety, so as to promote its rational application in digestive system diseases
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NMN treatment led to the upregulation of genes associated with energyrelated metabolic pathways such as oxidative phosphorylation, pyruvate metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, GSH metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, fatty acid degradation, and valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation in the ovaries of the mice in the aged group (Figure 5F), indicating an increase in energyrelated metabolic processes such as amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation in aged mouse ovarian tissues following NMN treatment